Wetlands, A Keystone Ecosystem

Some ecosystems have a positive impact on the landscape inordinate to their size or distribution. These are keystone ecosystems. The keystone ecosystem concept was first introduced by DeMaynadier and Hunter (1997) as a means to capture biotopes having greater importance to the biological structure and function than the average landscape unit. Keystone ecosystems sustain natural ecosystem process and scarce resources. They are the parts of the landscape that have high diversity, distinctive species compositions, and/or distinctive ecological processes that are beneficial to many other species and/or ecosystems (adapted from Stohlgren et al. 1997). Keystone ecosystems include coastal temperate rainforests (Moola et al. 2004), riparian areas, estuaries, some lakes and other aquatic ecosystems (Ocean Partners, Internet), mangroves (National Geographic 2001), and coral reefs. The presence and arrangement of keystone ecosystem types often determines the nutrient balance of a region (Blaschke 2005) in addition to a vast array of other functions and values.

Keystone ecosystems have an impact on the landscape inordinate to their size or distribution

 Keystone ecosystems when mapped and identified can provide politicians, managers, planners, and the public useful information about critical ecosystem components (Stohlgren et al. 1997). It is here that ecology and management become one. The planning process can be fortified with knowledge of keystone ecosystems. Conversion and or loss of critical functions and values can thus be avoided, particularly for long-term planning.

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